Governments of Tyria

Throughout the world of Tyria, there exist many different forms of government. The most commonly seen governments are those of humans and generally take the form of either monarchies, such as in Ascalon and how Kryta was prior to the Charr invasion, oligarchies, such as the Kurzick Great Houses, or in elected meritocracies, such as the Luxon's Council of Elders.

Non-human forms of governments have an even larger variety among them, but are typically a single form of government within each race.

Ascalon
The Kingdom of Ascalon is a monarchy ruled by King Adelbern who was born a commoner but descended from King Doric, and succeeded the previous unnamed king. Adelbern ascended to the throne due to his heroic actions as a warrior during the Guild Wars. There is a faction of royalists embittered by his rule who want to depose and replace him with Duke Barradin, who was originally heir to the throne.

Kryta
Prior to the Charr invasion, Kryta was a monarchy like the rest of the Tyrian human kingdoms, however King Jadon and any remaining royal family members fled from the throne during the invasion. After the royalty fled, the White Mantle took control upon their founder's death. The successor, Confessor Dorian, turned Kryta into a theocratic kritocracy led by himself and the Inner Council of the White Mantle. After his death, Confessor Isaiah took control along with his inquisitors.

During the Krytan civil war, forces rebelling against the White Mantle known as the Shining Blade are led by Evennia and later Bartholos. Salma, a former Krytan priestess and daughter of King Jadon allied with the Shining Blade and the Lionguard in order to retake the throne. With the war's conclusion and the White Mantle's exile into the Maguuma Jungle, Salma retook the throne as Kryta's queen.

Empire of the Dragon
The Empire of the Dragon is a constitutional monarchy under the rule of the Lord Emperor of the Dragon. A large centralized bureaucracy called the Celestial Ministry assists the emperor by overseeing many day-to-day functions of law enforcement, agriculture, trade and taxation. Created to aid the emperor in the governing of hundreds of thousands of people, the Celestial Ministry has become bloated, inefficient and corrupt to the point where it needs monitoring itself. Even the simplest of tasks require incredible amounts of time to complete correctly.

Luxon Armada
The Luxon Armada is a meritocracy that is governed by their Council of Elders which writes the laws and provides dispute resolution. There are the three clans united by the council, each clan has a leader called a captain and a combat expert called a champion.

Disputes over clan leadership are resolved in combat challenges, and leadership of the Luxons as a whole is determined annually at the Convocation.

Kurzick Great Houses
The Kurzicks have an oligarchy government under the Council of Nobles, whose most prominent member is Count Petrov zu Heltzer, and the Great Houses who enforce the council's decisions. The councilors are known to lock themselves up for days waiting for a divine message to choose the answer to any drastic action they must decide for the Kurzick people.

Istan
The island nation of Istan is a meritocratic timocracy that is ruled by their Council of Elders. The council's elected leader, currently Elder Suhl, is given the title of Clanmarshal.

Kourna
Kourna is a stratocracy under the Warmarshal. Ever since Warmarshal Turai Ossa's victory at the Battle of Jahai, succession of leadership has been within the Ossa clan, and prior succession methods are unknown. The last known leader of Kourna is Varesh Ossa.

Vabbi
Vabbi is an oligarchy underneath the various clanmarshals, who take the title of prince. The three most prominent clanmarshals are titled the Princes of Vabbi.

Asuran government
The Asura do not have any formal government due to their egotistical nature, functioning rather like adhocracy. However, the Asura do follow the Arcane Council who act as a group of judges during trials and decision makers for the race. They are first officially seen during the Trial of Zinn but may be what is seen during the Asura Plan. Mamp is considered the leader of the Arcane Council.

The Asura also operate in krewes, teams of geniocrats and technocrats designed to create unity for various kinds of projects, while giving freedom to the individual to rise to full potential. Krewes aid the progression of projects as they are intimate, manageable, and organized, however they team together only for the length of said projects. Krewes also aid the progression of individuals and allow influence to flow to the creative, innovative and brilliant minds in the group.

Centaur government
Centaur prides and tribes are led by chieftains and elders - such as Mirza Veldrunner of the Veldrunner pride and Ventari of the Maguuma centaurs, though the latter has left normal centaur society. Though succession methods are unknown, Elonian centaurs believe that knowledge is passed down between chieftains through the fruits of the Ancestor Tree.

Charr government
The Charr have had various kinds of governments over the years. The first recorded government within Charr society was underneath a kratocracy, the first leader being the first Khan-Ur. Ever since the first Khan-Ur's death, there have been others who took the title but many were quickly assassinated. Along with the occasional kratocratic ruler, since the first Khan-Ur the Charr have been ruled by the High Legions, each led by a primus warband. The primus warbands, and in effect the High Legions, are led through oligarchy, where the leader is a descendant of the first Khan-Ur.

This, however, changed around 870 AE, when the Burnt Warband discovered the Titans and the Flame Legion, and later the Shaman caste accepted them as gods. Through the "gods," the Shaman caste, and along with them the Flame Legion, gained power over the three other High Legions and became the kritocratic rulers of the Charr. Hierophant Burntsoul has been one of the leaders of the Shaman caste, and in turn the Charr.

The warbands of the Charr reflect a band society element of Charr government, a semi-informal hierarchy of individuals on a small scale, with the strongest as leader. The blood ties of a band are less prevalent here, as Charr are not in a warband based on their family. Charr society also retains elements of patriarchy, as female charr are currently prohibited from military, political, or religous participation.

Norn government
The Norn do not have a formal government due to their nomadic and individualistic nature. The Norn's nearest version of a government or rulers are the Norn who claim hearthsteads which serve as a meeting place for other Norn. A hearthstead can be claimed by challenging and defeating its current holder. This implies that the Norn are a form of meritocracy, as the strongest will rise to the position of power.

Dwarven governments
The Deldrimor Dwarves were ruled by a monarchy. The latest king was Jalis Ironhammer. There appears to have been a political system supporting the king, as stated by Orozar Highstone during Noble Intentions, implying that it might have been a constitutional monarchy.
 * Deldrimor

This form of government ended with the rise of the Great Destroyer and the performing of the Rite of the Great Dwarf. After the Dwarves turned to stone, they had lost their solidarity as a race and any form of leadership after is unknown.

The Stone Summit is a guild that was created and originally led by Dagnar Stonepate, who ruled for several years. After the Stone Summit's loss in the war with Deldrimor they were exiled to the Far Shiverpeaks and led by Duncan the Black - though some of the Dwarves in Sorrow's Furnace may have acted as leaders before the Stone Summit's exile.
 * Stone Summit

Duncan's successor, if any, is unknown.

Undead governments
The undead appear to have a kratocratic system of following other, stronger, undead. Most undead seem to organize themselves in small groups, with three exceptions: those following the Undead Lich, those following Palawa Joko, and those following Zoldark the Unholy. These three exceptions have the similarity of the leader being called a "lich."

The Orrian undead are commanded by the Undead Lich. The political situation among the Orrian undead after the Lich's defeat can only be speculated upon. It is assumed that power was split like Palawa Joko's army after his fall - that is, split among various high ranking members.
 * Orrian Undead

Prior to the Battle of Jahai, Palawa Joko was the undisputed ruler of Awakened undead, exerting some form of magical control over at least some of them. After the Battle of Jahai, the undead were ruled by various warlords, including some of Joko's former generals. After Joko's return, all independent undead warlords are either recruited under Joko's banner or killed.
 * Awakened Undead

Primeval Kings
The Primeval Kings ruled over Elona as a monarchy from 0 DR (200 BE ) to 652 DR (452 AE ). The Primeval Kings' rule was ended by the Scarab Plague, which was followed by the Great Dynasty.

Orr
Before the Cataclysm, Orr was a monarchy under a line of kings, the last being King Reza. The Orrian kings are the only known kings to place a vizier under their rule as an adviser.

Glossary of Politics

 * Adhocracy - government based on type of organization that operates in opposite fashion to a bureaucracy.
 * Band Society - government based on small (usually family) unit with a semi-informal hierarchy, with strongest (either physical strength or strength of character) as leader. Very much like a pack seen in other animals, such as wolves.
 * Chiefdom (Tribal) - government based on small complex society of varying degrees of centralization that is led by an individual known as a chief.
 * Constitutional Monarchy - government ruled by one leader chosen by blood-line with various individual underneath the leader to aid in maintaining the ruled body.
 * Geniocracy - government ruled by creativity, innovation, intelligence and wisdom.
 * Kratocracy - government ruled by those strong enough to seize power through force or cunning.
 * Kritocracy - government ruled by judges.
 * Meritocracy - government ruled by officials that have earned status or prestige and have gained merit in the eyes of the populace.
 * Monarchy - government ruled by one leader chosen by blood-line.
 * Oligarchy - form of power structure in which power effectively rests with a small segment of society distinguished by royalty, wealth, family ties, military control, or religious hegemony.
 * Stratocracy - form of military government in which the state and the military are traditionally the same thing. (Not to be confused with "militarism" or "military dictatorship".)
 * Technocracy - government ruled by doctors, engineers, scientists, professionals and other technical experts.
 * Theocracy - government ruled by religion (sometimes on behalf of a supernatural god or deity) in which the state and the church are traditionally the same thing.
 * Timocracy - government ruled by honorable citizens and/or property owners.